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Metatranscriptomics yields new genomic resources and sensitive detection of infections for diverse blood parasites. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Metatranscriptomics helps study complex microbial communities, especially in multispecies parasite infections that are hard to analyze with traditional methods due to low infection levels and genome sequencing challenges.
  • This study focused on songbirds and their blood parasites in North America, successfully using RNA-sequencing to gather extensive genetic data from multiple parasite species, even in cases of low infection intensity.
  • The findings revealed that metatranscriptomics identified about 23% more parasite infections compared to traditional microscopy and DNA barcoding methods, offering a promising approach for future ecological and evolutionary studies on diverse parasites.

Article Abstract

Metatranscriptomics is a powerful method for studying the composition and function of complex microbial communities. The application of metatranscriptomics to multispecies parasite infections is of particular interest, as research on parasite evolution and diversification has been hampered by technical challenges to genome-scale DNA sequencing. In particular, blood parasites of vertebrates are abundant and diverse although they often occur at low infection intensities and exist as multispecies infections, rendering the isolation of genomic sequence data challenging. Here, we use birds and their diverse haemosporidian parasites to illustrate the potential for metatranscriptome sequencing to generate large quantities of genome-wide sequence data from multiple blood parasite species simultaneously. We used RNA-sequencing of 24 blood samples from songbirds in North America to show that metatranscriptomes can yield large proportions of haemosporidian protein-coding gene repertoires even when infections are of low intensity (<0.1% red blood cells infected) and consist of multiple parasite taxa. By bioinformatically separating host and parasite transcripts and assigning them to the haemosporidian genus of origin, we found that transcriptomes detected ~23% more total parasite infections across all samples than were identified using microscopy and DNA barcoding. For single-species infections, we obtained data for >1,300 loci from samples with as low as 0.03% parasitaemia, with the number of loci increasing with infection intensity. In total, we provide data for 1,502 single-copy orthologous loci from a phylogenetically diverse set of 33 haemosporidian mitochondrial lineages. The metatranscriptomic approach described here has the potential to accelerate ecological and evolutionary research on haemosporidians and other diverse parasites.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6942209PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.13091DOI Listing

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