This paper presents a new development of small-diameter, high-spatial-resolution, semipassive bimorph deformable mirrors to be used in different imaging systems. To manufacture the small control elements, laser engraving technology is used. An ultrasonic welding technique to connect the wires to the electrodes (actuators) is applied for this kind of mirror. The initial flatness of the mirror surface equals 0.33 μm (P-V) due to the use of substrate polishing technology after gluing the glass substrate to a piezo disk. We present the main parameters of these wavefront correctors, such as the response functions of different electrodes, temporal behavior, and the ability to compensate for high-order aberrations.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.58.006019 | DOI Listing |
J Synchrotron Radiat
January 2025
CAEN, Viareggio, Italy.
We provide a technical description and experimental results of the practical development and offline testing of an innovative, closed-loop, adaptive mirror system capable of making rapid, precise and ultra-stable changes in the size and shape of reflected X-ray beams generated at synchrotron light and free-electron laser facilities. The optical surface of a piezoelectric bimorph deformable mirror is continuously monitored at 20 kHz by an array of interferometric sensors. This matrix of height data is autonomously converted into voltage commands that are sent at 1 Hz to the piezo actuators to modify the shape of the mirror optical surface.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrosyst Nanoeng
December 2024
School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
Microgrippers are essential for assembly and manipulation at the micro- and nano-scales, facilitating important applications in microelectronics, MEMS, and biomedical engineering. To guarantee the safe handling of delicate materials and micro-objects, a microgripper needs to be designed to operate with exceptional precision, rapid response, user-friendly operation, strong reliability, and low power consumption. In this study, we develop an electrothermal actuated microgripper with Al-SiO bimorphs as the primary structural element.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Mech
March 2023
Institute of Technical Mechanics, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria.
The present contribution focuses on shape control of thick beam-type structures. First the governing equations of a multi-layered beam are derived by taking advantage of the Timoshenko assumptions and the constitutive relations of piezoelectric materials. The deflection curves are explicitly given for a piezoelectric cantilever subjected to a polynomial distribution of the vertical load and the applied electric voltage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA neural-network machine learning model is developed to control a bimorph adaptive mirror to achieve and preserve aberration-free coherent X-ray wavefronts at synchrotron radiation and free electron laser beamlines. The controller is trained on a mirror actuator response directly measured at a beamline with a real-time single-shot wavefront sensor, which uses a coded mask and wavelet-transform analysis. The system has been successfully tested on a bimorph deformable mirror at the 28-ID IDEA beamline of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
May 2023
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
In nature, many plants have evolved diverse flight mechanisms to disperse seeds by wind and propagate their genetic information. Inspired by the flight mechanism of the dandelion seeds, we demonstrate light-driven dandelion-inspired microfliers based on ultralight and super-sensitive tubular-shaped bimorph soft actuator. Like dandelion seeds in nature, the falling velocity of the as-proposed microflier in air can be facilely controlled by tailoring the degree of deformation of the "pappus" under different light irradiations.
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