Half of all human transcripts are thought to be regulated by microRNAs. Therefore, quantifying microRNA expression can reveal underlying mechanisms in disease states and provide therapeutic targets and biomarkers. Here, we detail how to accurately quantify microRNAs. Briefly, this method describes isolating microRNAs, ligating them to adaptors suitable for high-throughput sequencing, amplifying the final products, and preparing a sample library. Then, we explain how to align the obtained sequencing reads to microRNA hairpins, and quantify, normalize, and calculate their differential expression. Versatile and robust, this combined experimental workflow and bioinformatic analysis enables users to begin with tissue extraction and finish with microRNA quantification.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3791/59901 | DOI Listing |
Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA.
The discovery of tumor-derived neoantigens which elicit an immune response through major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I/II) binding has led to significant advancements in immunotherapy. While many neoantigens have been discovered through the identification of non-synonymous mutations, the rate of these is low in some cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, the identification of neoantigens through additional means, such as aberrant splicing, is necessary.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaterials (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Acid-fracturing technology has been applied to form pathways between deep oil/gas resources and oil production pipelines. The acid fracturing fluid is required to have special slow-release performance, with no acidity at low temperatures, while steadily generating acid at high temperatures underground. At present, commercial acid systems in oilfields present problems such as the uncontrollable release effect, high costs, and significant pollution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Biotechnol
January 2025
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, 44519, Egypt.
Background: This study employed melanin synthesized by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus carbonarius to inhibit the production of mycotoxins and bioremediation of heavy metals (HMs).
Methods: First, twenty fungal isolates were obtained from soil samples, and were evaluated to produce melanin. The melanin of the most potent producers has undergone several confirmatory experiments, including, Dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA)-inhibitor-kojic acid pathway detection, High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).
Cardiovasc Diagn Ther
December 2024
Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Background And Objective: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a routine cross-sectional imaging modality in adults with congenital heart disease. Developing CMR techniques and the knowledge that CMR is well suited to assess long-term complications and to provide prognostic information for single ventricle (SV) patients makes CMR the ideal assessment tool for this patient cohort. Nevertheless, many of the techniques have not yet been incorporated into day-to-day practice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLaryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol
February 2025
Objective: To identify differences in timing of exposure and demographic characteristics between medical students who did and did not consider Otolaryngology as a career choice.
Methods: This cross-sectional study involved developing and distributing a survey by an interdisciplinary team to assess exposure to Otolaryngology and individual consideration of pursuing Otolaryngology. The survey was administered electronically to third- and fourth-year medical students at a single medical school, with a small monetary incentive for completion.
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