Ketosis is an important metabolic disease that can negatively affect the production efficiency of dairy cows. Earlier studies have revealed metabolic and inflammatory alterations in the blood associated with ketosis; however, a link between ketosis and hepatic inflammation has not been well documented. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome were activated in the liver of ketotic cows. Liver and blood samples were collected from healthy (n = 15, control group) and ketotic (n = 15, ketosis group) cows that had a similar number of lactations (median = 3, range = 2 to 4) and days in milk (median = 6 d, range = 3 to 9 d). Results showed that serum levels of fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were higher and glucose was lower in ketotic cows. Concentrations of serum proinflammatory cytokines IL18, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL1B were greater and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 was lower in the ketosis group. Cows with ketosis had triacylglycerol accumulation in the liver. Upregulation of phosphorylated (p)-NF-κB and p-inhibitor of κB (IκB)α protein abundance in cows with ketosis indicated that the hepatic NF-κB signaling pathway was overactivated. The mRNA abundance of TNFA, inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2), IL18, and IL1B were greater and IL10 was lower in ketotic cows. More importantly, the mRNA and protein abundance of NLRP3 and caspase-1 (CASP1) along with CASP1 activity were greater in the liver of cows with ketosis. Overall, the data indicate that the onset of ketosis is accompanied by activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome, resulting in a state of inflammation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-16706 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
December 2024
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Baoshan Hospital Affiliated to, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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December 2024
Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
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December 2024
Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
The Auxin Response Factors (ARFs) family of transcription factors are the central mediators of auxin-triggered transcriptional regulation. Functionally different classes of extant ARFs operate as antagonistic auxin-dependent and -independent regulators. While part of the evolutionary trajectory to the present auxin response functions has been reconstructed, it is unclear how ARFs emerged, and how early diversification led to functionally different proteins.
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December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
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December 2024
Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA.
The benefits of sleep extend beyond the nervous system. Peripheral tissues impact sleep regulation, and increased sleep is observed in response to damaging conditions, even those that selectively affect non-neuronal cells. However, the 'sleep need' signal released by stressed tissues is not known.
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