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Stress-triggered YAP1/SOX2 activation transcriptionally reprograms head and neck squamous cell carcinoma for the acquisition of stemness. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • - The study investigates the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), focusing on the interaction between YAP1 and SOX2 in enhancing stem cell characteristics through transcriptional reprogramming.
  • - Researchers found that high levels of SOX2, YAP1, and CD44v9 are linked to worse patient outcomes, with specific modules indicating a connection to cancer spread (EMT) and blood vessel formation (angiogenesis).
  • - The findings suggest that analyzing the expression of these markers could help identify patients at high risk for aggressive disease, and targeting YAP1 might be a promising strategy for developing new therapies against CSCs in HNSCC. *

Article Abstract

Purpose: The clinical importance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is well recognized. However, a reliable method for the detection of functioning CSC has not yet been established. We hypothesized that YAP1, a transcriptional coactivator, and SOX2, a master transcription factor of SCC, may cooperatively induce stemness through transcriptional reprogramming.

Methods: We immunohistochemically examined the expression of SOX2 and YAP1 in the CD44 variant 9 (CD44v9)-positive invasion front. A CSC-inducible module was identified through a combination of siRNAs and sphere formation assays. YAP1 and SOX2 interactions were analyzed in vitro.

Results: The triple overexpression of SOX2, YAP1, and CD44v9 was significantly associated with poor prognosis. TCGA data revealed that the CSC-inducible module, which was related to EMT and angiogenesis, was significantly correlated with poor prognosis. The KLF7 expression, representatively chosen from the module, also correlated with poor prognosis and was essential for sphere formation and CSC propagation. Sphere stress-activated YAP1 enhanced SOX2 activity.

Conclusions: The stress-triggered activation of YAP1/SOX2 transcriptionally reprograms HNSCC for the acquisition of stemness. Triple SOX2, YAP1, and CD44v9 immunostaining assays may be useful for the selection of high-risk patients with functioning CSCs, and YAP1 targeting may lead to the development of a CSC-targeting therapy.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00432-019-02995-zDOI Listing

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