Cancer-related mortality have been declining in the last decades. Approximately half of adults and more than two thirds of children oncological patients live longer than 5 years after diagnosis. However, this optimistic scenario has been counterbalanced by an increasing cardiovascular risk in cancer patients. Atherosclerotic damage has been underestimated in oncology practice for a long time, but recently a significant number of cancer patients with cardiovascular risk factors and serious artery disease during and after anticancer therapy has been reported. Complexity of atherosclerosis in cancer patients is challenging. Herein, we describe cardiovascular risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms of atherosclerosis induced by selected classic chemotherapeutics, targeted cancer therapies, hormonal agents and radiotherapy and new clinical data regarding atherosclerosis, which received a particular attention in recent years (Tab. 1, Ref. 26). Keywords: cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, cardiotoxicity, risk factors, hypertension, hyperlipidemia.
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