The strength of methane (CH) source of mangroves is not well understood, especially when including all CH pathways in consideration. This study measured CH fluxes by five pathways (sediments, pneumatophores, water surface, leaves, and stems) from four typical mangrove forests, including Kandelia candel without pneumatophores and three species with pneumatophores: Sonneratia apetala, Laguncularia racemosa and Bruguiera gymnorhiza-Bruguiera sexangula. The CH fluxes from sediments were 4.82±1.46mgCHmh for K. candel and 1.36±0.17mgCHmh for the other three with pneumatophores. Among the three communities with pneumatophores, S. apetala community had significantly greater emission rate than the other two (P<0.05). Pneumatophores in S. apetala were found to significantly decrease CH emission from sediments (P<0.01), while those in B. gymnorhiza-B. sexangula were significantly increase it (P<0.05). CH fluxes from waters were 3.48±1.11mgCHmh, with the highest emission rate in the K. candel community for the duck farming. Leaves of mangroves except for those of K. candel were a weak CH daytime sink, but stems were a weak source. The total 72ha of mangroves in the Changning river basin emitted about 8.10Gg CH per year, with a weighted emission rate of about 1.29mgCHmh. Our results suggested that mangroves are only a small methane source to atmosphere with great contribution from sediments and waters, only slight contribution from leaves and stems. Pneumatophores of different mangrove species played different roles in CH fluxes from sediments.
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