Whistler and Alfvén waves are known to scatter mirror-trapped electrons and protons into the loss cone of the earth's dipole magnetic field. An array of satellites with properly phased antennas can be used to artificially reduce the flux of energetic particles from regions where their flux has been naturally or artificially pumped. In any space based system, the power required to drive antennas is at a premium. We present here experimental evidence that the efficiency of an antenna can be greatly enhanced with the use of ferrite cores with high relative magnetic permeability μ. Ferrite-based antennas were constructed to launch Alfvén waves in a magnetized plasma. The wave magnetic field of shear Alfvén waves launched with a ferrite core was by the magnetization factor μ larger than that of a similar antenna without a ferrite. Combining multiple ferrite antennas allowed control of the injected perpendicular wavelength. This novel technique can be used to efficiently launch low frequency waves with amplitude above the threshold required for nonlinear triggering.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5103171 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan.
Heterogeneity is a critical determinant for multicellular pattern formation. Although the importance of microscale and macroscale heterogeneity at the single-cell and whole-system levels, respectively, has been well accepted, the presence and functions of mesoscale heterogeneity, such as cell clusters with distinct properties, have been poorly recognized. We investigated the biological importance of mesoscale heterogeneity in signal-relaying abilities (excitability) in the self-organization of spiral waves of intercellular communications by studying the self-organized pattern formation in a population of Dictyostelium discoideum cells, a classical signal-relaying system model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol
January 2025
Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Background: Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been linked with various cancers. Assessment of PFAS in drinking water and cancers can help inform biomonitoring and prevention efforts.
Objective: To screen for incident cancer (2016-2021) and assess associations with PFAS contamination in drinking water in the US.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
The ongoing emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, combined with antigen exposures from different waves and vaccinations, poses challenges in updating COVID-19 vaccine antigens. We collected 206 sera from individuals with vaccination-only, hybrid immunity, and single or repeated omicron post-vaccination infections (PVIs), including non-JN.1 and JN.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Microwave-optical interaction and its effective utilization are vital technologies at the frontier of classical and quantum sciences for communication, sensing, and imaging. Typically, state-of-the-art microwave-to-optical converters are realized by fiber and circuit approaches with multiple processing steps, and external powers are necessary, which leads to many limitations. Here, we propose a programmable metasurface that can achieve direct and high-speed free-space microwave-to-laser conversion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPublic Health
December 2024
Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
Objectives: Sandwich carers provide care to ageing parents or older relatives while simultaneously raising dependent children. There has been little focus on how mental and physical health trajectories change around becoming a sandwich carer - a gap this study aims to fill.
Study Design: Prospective longitudinal study.
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