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A nongenomic mechanism for "metalloestrogenic" effects of cadmium in human uterine leiomyoma cells through G protein-coupled estrogen receptor. | LitMetric

A nongenomic mechanism for "metalloestrogenic" effects of cadmium in human uterine leiomyoma cells through G protein-coupled estrogen receptor.

Arch Toxicol

Molecular Pathogenesis Group, National Toxicology Program (NTP) Laboratory, Division of the NTP (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 111 TW Alexander Drive, MD B3-06, PO Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.

Published: October 2019

AI Article Synopsis

  • * In research, Cd was shown to enhance the growth of human uterine leiomyoma (ht-UtLM) cells through nongenomic pathways involving G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) rather than traditional estrogen receptors.
  • * The study demonstrated that Cd activates a signaling pathway involving GPER, phospho-Src, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), indicating that Cd might contribute to the risk of developing uterine fibroids by interacting with hormone and growth factor receptors.

Article Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous environmental metal that is reported to be a "metalloestrogen." Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) are estrogen-responsive gynecologic neoplasms that can be the target of xenoestrogens. Previous epidemiology studies have suggested Cd may be associated with fibroids. We have shown that Cd can stimulate proliferation of human uterine leiomyoma (ht-UtLM) cells, but not through classical estrogen receptor (ER) binding. Whether nongenomic ER pathways are involved in Cd-induced proliferation is unknown. In the present study, by evaluating G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), ERα36, and phospho-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in human tissues, we found that GPER, ERα36 and phospho-EGFR were all highly expressed in fibroids compared to patient-matched myometrial tissues. In ht-UtLM cells, cell proliferation was increased by low doses of Cd (0.1 µM and 10 µM), and this effect could be inhibited by GPER-specific antagonist (G15) pretreatment, or silencing (si) GPER, but not by siERα36. Cd-activated MAPK was dependent on GPER/EGFR transactivation, through significantly increased phospho-Src, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) and MMP9, and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) expression/activation. Also, phospho-Src could interact directly to phosphorylate EGFR. Overall, Cd-induced proliferation of human fibroid cells was through a nongenomic GPER/p-src/EGFR/MAPK signaling pathway that did not directly involve ERα36. This suggests that Cd may be a risk factor for uterine fibroids through cross talk between hormone and growth factor receptor pathways.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7345072PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00204-019-02544-0DOI Listing

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