Infection Protocols for Implants.

Infection can be a devastating complication of surgically inserted prosthetic implants and intramedullary rods, plates and pins. About 2 million implants were inserted in the United States in 2004, and, despite appropriate perioperative antibiotics, approximately 5% of internal fixation devices became infected. Infection rates in fractures that pierce the skin can be as high as 22.7%. Complications of infection include excessive antibiotic use, implant removal, reoperation, and potential amputation. Infections caused by colonized prosthetic implants are often difficult to predict, diagnose, and treat, because they form biofilms. This article explores the approach to infected implants.