Correlation of severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with serum vitamin-D level.

Context: The global scenario of illness is shifting from infectious diseases to non-communicable diseases, with chronic conditions such as heart diseases, stroke and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) now being chief causes of death globally and more than 90% of deaths due to COPD occur in low and midline income countries.[1] Low serum vitamin D level is associated with various lung diseases and decreased lung function.[2].

Aims: This study was designed to study the serum vitamin D level and its correlation with severity of COPD as assessed by spirometry, COPD assessment test (CAT) and exercise capacity and BMI of COPD patients.

Settings And Design: Observational cross sectional study conducted on patients of COPD attending the outpatient department.

Materials And Methods: One hundred sixty consecutive patients of COPD attending the outpatient Department were included in the study. Pack years, CAT score, 6 minute walk distance, post bronchodilator spirometry values and BMI was recorded along with complete history and physical examination.

Statistical Analysis Used: Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS 23 software. Descriptive statistics, Independent sample test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation were applied.

Results: A significant positive correlation was found between FeV1% of predicted and serum Vitamin D level( = 0.291; < 0.001). A negative correlation was found between serum Vitamin D level and severity of COPD as assessed by CAT score ( = -0.355; < 0.001). Also, a significant positive correlation was found between vitamin D levels and exercise capacity as assessed by 6 minute walk test (6MsWT) ( = 0.648; < 0.001).

Conclusions: COPD patients with more severe disease tend to have lower serum Vitamin D levels. As it is an immunomodulator affecting various inflammatory pathways, it is imperative that we give due consideration to Vitamin D levels in managing patients of COPD.