Organoids are three dimensional structures consisting of multiple cell types that recapitulate the cellular architecture and functionality of native organs. Over the last decade, the advent of organoid research has opened up many avenues for basic and translational studies. Following suit of other disciplines, research groups working in the field of male reproductive biology have started establishing and characterizing testicular organoids. The three-dimensional architectural and functional similarities of organoids to their tissue of origin facilitate study of complex cell interactions, tissue development and establishment of representative, scalable models for drug and toxicity screening. In this review, we discuss the current state of testicular organoid research, their advantages over conventional monolayer culture and their potential applications in the field of reproductive biology and toxicology.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eep/dvz011 | DOI Listing |
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Establishment and Characterization of Testis Organoids with Proliferation and Differentiation of Spermatogonial Stem Cells into Spermatocytes and Spermatids.
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October 2024
Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha 410013, China.
Organoids play pivotal roles in uncovering the molecular mechanisms underlying organogenesis, intercellular communication, and high-throughput drug screening. Testicular organoids are essential for exploring the genetic and epigenetic regulation of spermatogenesis in vivo and the treatment of male infertility. However, the formation of testicular organoids with full spermatogenesis has not yet been achieved.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdvances in human In vitro spermatogenesis: A review.
Mol Aspects Med
December 2024
Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- - Recent advances in in vitro spermatogenesis (IVS) present a new potential for fertility treatments targeting men with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), a condition affecting about 15% of infertile males and contributing to male infertility in 15% of couples.
- - Current treatments for NOA, primarily surgical sperm retrieval and IVF-ICSI, have limited success rates, emphasizing the urgent need for innovative regenerative therapies.
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Long-term culture of human Sertoli cells from adult Klinefelter patients as a first step to develop new tools for unravelling the testicular physiopathology.
Hum Reprod
November 2024
Pôle de recherche en Physiologie de la Reproduction (REPR), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
Study Question: Are Sertoli cells (SCs) from adult Klinefelter men (47,XXY) capable of proliferating in vitro and maintaining their main phenotypical and functional characteristics as do SCs from adult 46,XY patients?
Summary Answer: Isolated SCs from patients with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) can be expanded in vitro while maintaining their characteristics and a stable karyotype, similar to SCs from 46,XY patients.
What Is Known Already: The mechanism leading to testicular tissue degeneration in KS is still unknown. A few recent studies highlight the main role played by SCs in the physiopathology of the disease, but new study models based on co-culture or testicular organoids are needed to further understand the SC's involvement in the mechanism of testicular degeneration and fibrosis, and to find therapeutical targets.
MicroRNA Analysis of In Vitro Differentiation of Spermatogonial Stem Cells Using a 3D Human Testis Organoid System.
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Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA.
Spermatogenesis produces male gametes from spermatogonial stem cells (SSC), beginning at puberty. Modern-day laboratory techniques allow for the long-term culture of SSC and in vitro spermatogenesis. The specific biochemical processes that occur during spermatogenesis remain poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrior exposure to alkylating agents negatively impacts testicular organoid formation in cells obtained from childhood cancer patients.
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August 2024
NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden.
Study Question: Can human pre- and peri-pubertal testicular cells obtained from childhood cancer patients, previously treated with chemotherapy, form testicular organoids (TOs)?
Summary Answer: Organoid formation from testicular tissue collected from childhood cancer patients positively correlates with SRY-Box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) expression in Sertoli cells, which in turn negatively correlates with previous exposure to alkylating chemotherapy.
What Is Known Already: Pre- and peri-pubertal boys exposed to highly gonadotoxic therapies can only safeguard their fertility potential through testicular tissue cryopreservation. Today, there is no established clinical tool to restore fertility using these testicular samples.
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