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Microbial rhodopsins are major contributors to the solar energy captured in the sea. | LitMetric

All known phototrophic metabolisms on Earth rely on one of three categories of energy-converting pigments: chlorophyll- (rarely -), bacteriochlorophyll- (rarely -), and retinal, which is the chromophore in rhodopsins. While the significance of chlorophylls in solar energy capture has been studied for decades, the contribution of retinal-based phototrophy to this process remains largely unexplored. We report the first vertical distributions of the three energy-converting pigments measured along a contrasting nutrient gradient through the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The highest rhodopsin concentrations were observed above the deep chlorophyll- maxima, and their geographical distribution tended to be inversely related to that of chlorophyll-. We further show that proton-pumping proteorhodopsins potentially absorb as much light energy as chlorophyll--based phototrophy and that this energy is sufficient to sustain bacterial basal metabolism. This suggests that proteorhodopsins are a major energy-transducing mechanism to harvest solar energy in the surface ocean.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6685716PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw8855DOI Listing

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