Three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel microspheres have aroused increasing attention as an in vitro cell culture model. Yet the preservation of cells' original biological properties has been overlooked during model construction. Here we present an integrated microfluidic device to accomplish the overall process including cell-laden microsphere generation, online extraction, and dynamic-culture. The method extends the noninvasive and nonsuppression capabilities of the droplet preparation system and provides a constant microenvironment, which reduces intracellular oxidative stress damage and the accumulation of mitochondria. Compared to the conventional preparation method, the coculture model of tumor-endothelial construction on an integrated platform displays high-level angiogenic protein expression. We believe that this versatile and biocompatible platform will provide a more reliable analysis tool for tissue engineering and cancer therapy.
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- * Unlike traditional 4D materials that depend on external factors like heat or light, this bioink utilizes internal stimuli from cell-contractile forces (CCF) for shape changes.
- * The bioprinted structures can be patterned to achieve complex transformations, providing a more biomimetic approach for creating sophisticated cell-laden constructs that also promote chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells.
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