Continuous Adaptive Evolution of a Fast-Growing Strain Independent of Protocatechuate.

is a commonly applied host for the industrial production of amino acids. While valued for its robustness, it is somewhat inferior to competing strains such as because of the relatively low growth rate of 0.40 h in synthetic, industrial media. Accordingly, adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) experiments were performed in continuous cultivation mode to select for a growth-improved host. To ensure industrial attractiveness, this ALE study aimed at a reduction of dependency on costly growth-boosting additives such as protocatechuate (PCA) or complex media supplements. Consequently, double selection pressures were installed consisting of a steady increase in growth rate demands and a parallel reduction of complex medium fractions. Selection yielded EVO5 achieving 0.54 h and 1.03 g g h in minimal medium without abovementioned supplements. Sequencing revealed 10 prominent mutations, three of them in key regulator genes.