Phytochemical profiling of and its antioxidant and anti-proliferative effects.

Objectives: To analyse the phytochemicals and evaluate the antioxidant and anti-proliferative ability of (Turner) J. Agardh, 1848.

Methods: A phytochemical analysis of the -hexane extract (To-HE) and -aqueous extract (To-AE) was performed. extracts were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antioxidant properties of To-HE and To-AE were determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging (DPPH) and ferric ion reducing power (FRAP) assays. In addition, the anti-proliferative properties of To-HE and To-AE were assessed in kidney epithelial cells from the African green monkey () and in adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549) using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, a yellow tetrazole) assay.

Results: The phytochemical screening of revealed the presence of saponin, alkaloids, amino acids, fixed oil and fat and phenolic compounds (tannins, flavonoids and total phenol). A higher antioxidant ability was found in To-HE than in To-AE. The anti-proliferative efficacy values (μg/mL) of To-HE and To-AE for A549 and cells were 62.91 and 93.00 and 72.64 and 106.6, respectively. The FTIR analysis revealed the presence of functional groups such as alcohols, amides, aromatics, amines, alkyl halides, alkynes, alkanes and carboxylic acids. The GC-MS analysis of To-HE revealed the presence of 13 active compounds.

Conclusion: Owing to its recorded anti-proliferative effect, further pharmaceutical studies on the development of this anticancer drug are merited.