Improving Charge Collection from Colloidal Quantum Dot Photovoltaics by Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Incorporation.

Improving charge collection is one of the key issues for high-performance PbS colloidal quantum dot photovoltaics (CQDPVs) due to the considerable charge loss resulting from the low mobility and large defect densities of the 1,2-ethanedithiol-treated PbS quantum dot hole-transporting layer (HTL). To overcome these limitations, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and C-encapsulated SWNTs (C@SWNTs) are incorporated into the HTL in CQDPVs. SWNT-incorporated CQDPV demonstrates a significantly improved short-circuit current density (), and C@SWNT-incorporated CQDPV exhibits an even higher than that of pristine SWNT. Both result in improved power-conversion efficiencies. Hole-selective, photoinduced charge extraction with linearly increasing voltage measurements demonstrates that SWNT or C@SWNT incorporation improves hole-transporting behavior, rendering suppressed charge recombination and enhanced mobility of the HTL. The enhanced p-type characteristics and the improved hole diffusion lengths of SWNT- or C@SWNT-incorporated HTL bring improvement of the entire hole-transporting length and enable lossless hole collection, which results in the enhancement of the CQDPVs.