Effect of leaf powder supplementation on reducing anemia in children below two years in Kisarawe District, Tanzania.

Anemia is a nutritional disorder that affects mostly children below 2 years and is mainly contributed by iron deficiency. leaves are rich in iron and other essential nutrients necessary for iron metabolism. We investigated the effect of leaf powder supplementation on reducing anemia among children below 2 years. A community-based interventional study was conducted that enrolled 95 anemic children who were followed for 6 months. The intervention communities received leaf powder and nutrition education, while control communities only received nutrition education. Changes on mean hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and anemia prevalence were compared between the two groups using test and proportional test where appropriate. At baseline, the mean Hb concentrations of control and intervention groups were 7.9 g/dl  ( = 1.3) and 8.3 g/dl ( = 1.6) g/L, respectively (-value = 0.0943). After 6 months, anemia prevalence significantly decreased in the intervention group by 53.6% (100%-46.4%;  < 0.001) compared to 13.6% (100%-86.4%;  = 0.005) in control community. The mean Hb was 10.9 g/dl (95% CI: 10.2-11.4) for intervention and 9.4 g/dl (95% 7.8-10.1) for control (-value = 0.002). The effect was also observed in the reduction of the prevalence of moderate and severe anemia in the intervention communities by 68.2% and 77.9%, respectively, and by 23.3% and 56.9%, respectively, in the control communities. Increasing amount and time of using supplementation resulted to significant reduction in anemia cases therefore can be used as complementary solution in addressing anemia among children especially when the use of infant formulas and fortified food product is very poor.