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Bradley, LJ, Miller, KC, Wiese, BW, and Novak, JR. Precooling's effect on American football skills. J Strength Cond Res 33(10): 2616-2621, 2019-Precooling (i.e., cooling before exercise) may reduce the risk of exertional heatstroke (EHS) in American football athletes. However, implementation of precooling by coaches or medical staff would likely be poor if it impaired performance. We investigated whether precooling impacted American football skill performance in this randomized, crossover, counterbalanced study. Twelve men (24 ± 2 years, mass = 85.5 ± 6.3 kg, height = 181.8 ± 8.1 cm) completed a familiarization day to practice each skill and then 2 testing days. On testing days (wet-bulb globe temperature = 19.3 ± 4.1° C), subjects were either precooled for 15 minutes using cold-water immersion (10.1 ± 0.3° C) or not (control). Then, they donned an American football uniform and completed several bouts of 8 different football skills. Rectal temperature (Trec) was measured before, during, and after skill testing. Precooling did not affect vertical jump, broad jump, agility, dynamic or stationary catching, or maximum throwing distance (p ≥ 0.13). Precooling impaired 40-yard dash time (precooling = 5.72 ± 0.53 seconds, control = 5.31 ± 0.34 seconds; p = 0.03, effect size = 1.2) and throwing accuracy (precooling = 4 ± 1 points, control = 7 ± 2 points; p = 0.001, effect size = 1.4). On average, Trec was 0.58 ± 0.35° C lower during skills testing after precooling and statistically differed from control from minute 10 to the end of testing (∼35 minutes; p < 0.05, effect size ≥ 1.2). Precooling may be a useful EHS prevention strategy in American football players because it lowered Trec without impacting most skills. By lowering Trec, precooling would prolong the time it would take for an athlete's Trec to become dangerous (i.e., >40.5° C). If precooling is implemented, coaches should alter practice so that throwing accuracy and speed drills occur after an athlete's Trec returns to normal (i.e., >35 minutes).
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003330 | DOI Listing |
Resuscitation
March 2025
Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway; Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Objectives: In Norway, the potential to increase the number of patients connected to an automated external defibrillator (AED) before ambulance arrival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests is substantial. A blended learning approach is effective for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training with AED usage, and regular hands-on CPR refresher training is recommended. The objective was to test if provision of CPR-training equipment and learning resources combined with a contract to recruit volunteer CPR trainers could facilitate regular refresher CPR-training in Norwegian football clubs and to increase the number and accessibility of AEDs by providing clubs with AEDs and heated cabinets and mandate registration in the national AED registry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuropsychologia
March 2025
Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience & Department of Psychology, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria. Electronic address:
Virtual reality (VR) technology has received considerable attention over the last few years, with applications in many performance domains including training of sports-related mental and motor skills. The exact psychological and neurobiological mechanisms underlying potential VR training effects in athletes, however, remain largely unknown. The present longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) case study reports behavioral and neuroanatomical effects of VR soccer (a.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSports Med
March 2025
Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport, Manchester, M1 7EL, UK.
The increased growth, popularity, and media interest in women's sport has led to calls for greater prioritisation of female-specific research and innovation. In response, science and medicine researchers have increased the volume of sport-related studies investigating female-specific matters, such as the menstrual cycle. Whilst the accelerated rate of published studies with female participants is welcome, the emerging trend of using assumed or estimated menstrual cycle phases to characterise ovarian hormone profiles is a significant concern.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Med Footb
March 2025
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Australia.
Despite the rise of data generation in football, the expertise of data analytics within the sport is relatively underdeveloped. To further understand the landscape, a cross-sectional, observational study design was used to survey practitioners in senior, professional, or semi-professional football. Areas of interest included the personnel involved (the 'who'), the data collected (the 'what'), and the analytical techniques employed (the 'how').
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Med Footb
March 2025
Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Background: Despite the focus on the effect of burnout on athlete health and performance, understanding its impact on their support teams remains limited. Our primary aim was to investigate the prevalence of burnout amongst medical and performance professionals working in professional football in the UK.
Methods: In this cross-sectional design study burnout risk was assessed using the Burnout Assessment Tool-23 (BAT-23).
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