Animal body coloration is a complex trait resulting from the interplay of multiple mechanisms. While many studies address the functions of animal coloration, the mechanisms of colour production still remain unknown in most taxa. Here we compare reflectance spectra, cellular, ultra- and nano-structure of colour-producing elements, and pigment types in two freshwater turtles with contrasting courtship behaviour, and . The two species differ in the distribution of pigment cell-types and in pigment diversity. We found xanthophores, melanocytes, abundant iridophores and dermal collagen fibres in stripes of both species. The yellow chin and forelimb stripes of both and contain xanthophores and iridophores, but the post-orbital regions of the two species differ in cell-type distribution. The yellow post-orbital region of contains both xanthophores and iridophores, while has only xanthophores in the yellow-red postorbital/zygomatic regions. Moreover, in both species, the xanthophores colouring the yellow-red skin contain carotenoids, pterins and riboflavin, but has a higher diversity of pigments than . is sexually dichromatic. Differences in the distribution of pigment cell types across body regions in the two species may be related to visual signalling but do not match predictions based on courtship position. Our results demonstrate that archelosaurs share some colour production mechanisms with amphibians and lepidosaurs (i.e. vertical layering/stacking of different pigment cell types and interplay of carotenoids and pterins), but also employ novel mechanisms (i.e. nano-organization of dermal collagen) shared with mammals.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190319 | DOI Listing |
Sensors (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Management and Industrial Engineering, University of Petrosani, 332003 Petrosani, Romania.
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Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Instrumental Analysis Laboratory, Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, National Technological Institute of Mexico, Tlajomulco de Zuñiga 45640, Mexico.
Green mold caused by is a major post-harvest disease in citrus fruits. Therefore, the search for sustainable and low-environmental-impact alternatives for the management of these fungi is of utmost importance. L.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlants (Basel)
December 2024
College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
There are discrepancies that exist in the effects of different land uses on soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil microbial carbon metabolism functions. However, the impact of land-use type changes on soil microbial carbon metabolism in alpine grassland arid areas is not well understood, hindering our understanding of the carbon cycling processes in these ecosystems. Therefore, we chose three types of land use (continuous reclamation of grassland (RG), abandoned grassland (AG), and natural grazing grassland (GG)) to study the microbial carbon metabolism and its driving factors by the Biolog-ECO method.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutrients
December 2024
Department of Gastronomy Science and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland.
Objectives: Flour products with iodine-fortified dried vegetables can be a good source of iodine. However, in addition to iodine stability, the sensory quality of these products is also important. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of adding iodine-fortified dried vegetables to flour products (gnocchi and ciabatta) on their sensory quality and map consumers (vegan/omnivore diets) as potential consumers of fortified flour products with iodine-fortified dried vegetables.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicromachines (Basel)
December 2024
College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
This study introduces the development of a W-M electrochromic film, characterized by a "coral"-like TiO@WO heterostructure, synthesized via a hydrothermal process leveraging the inherent instability of MXene. The film showcases exceptional electrochromic performance, with a coloring response time of 2.8 s, a bleaching response time of 4.
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