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Bias in adjudication: Investigating the impact of artificial intelligence, media, financial and legal institutions in pursuit of social justice.
PLoS One
January 2025
School of Law, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
The latest global progress report highlights numerous challenges in achieving justice goals, with bias in artificial intelligence (AI) emerging as a significant yet underexplored issue. This paper investigates the role of AI in addressing bias within the judicial system to promote equitable social justice. Analyzing weekly data from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2023, through wavelet quantile correlation, this study examines the short, medium, and long-term impacts of integrating AI, media, international legal influence (ILI), and international financial institutions (IFI) as crucial factors in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 16 (SDG-16), which focuses on justice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFState-level changes in racial disparities in probation and parole rates in the United States, 2001-2018.
Am J Epidemiol
December 2024
Department of Health, Society and Behavior, UCI Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA.
Although the public health field has increasingly studied the collateral consequences of incarceration, we know little about the health consequences of other forms of criminal legal contact, including probation and parole. Understanding spatial and racial-ethnic variation in probation/parole across US states provides new insights into how community supervision impacts population health disparities. However, state-level probation/parole prevalence has not been adequately described.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEarth observation technology's alignment with OHCHR indicators for strengthening human rights breach investigations and adjudication.
Sci Justice
November 2024
Law School, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0LT, Scotland, UK. Electronic address:
Human rights investigations demand reliable data sources to substantiate alleged events, and satellite imagery offers diverse options crucial for evidential support. This paper delineates how Earth Observation (EO) imagery can be tailored to align with the requirements outlined by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) indicators, facilitating stakeholders in optimising their studies with applicable technological applications. To streamline EO technology, the paper categorises it into six primary payloads capable of observing such events: multispectral visible.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOne Person, Two Identities: The Problem of Legal Gender Recognition of a Transgender Person in Europe.
Behav Sci Law
November 2024
University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
The legal recognition of the gender status of transgender people in Europe (and indeed worldwide) is undoubtedly a complex and multifaceted issue, which has prompted academics and legal practitioners to raise numerous scientific questions and seek answers thereto. The gravity of this issue is heightened by the fact that the daily functioning of a transgender person in society as a person of registered (assigned at birth) sex that is incongruent with their self-perception exposes them to constant and conspicuous distress (the so-called gender dysphoria), often manifested in various forms of discrimination. The role of every European state should be to eliminate, or at least minimize, such distress and the risk of discrimination.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLitigation Following Surgery for Acute Traumatic Facial Injuries.
Cureus
October 2024
Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, USA.
Introduction: The knowledge of malpractice claims after surgery for acute traumatic facial injuries can inform surgeons about potential litigation risks, case complications, and reasons for patient dissatisfaction.
Methods: The Westlaw Campus Research and LexisNexis legal databases were searched for all available court decisions associated with cases brought to suit following surgery for traumatic facial injuries. The plaintiff characteristics, date, location, specialty of the defendant, allegations, and adjudicated case outcomes were obtained from case documents and analyzed.
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