Therapeutic potential of low-cost nanocarriers produced by green synthesis: macrophage uptake of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles.

The primary goal of this work was to synthesize low-cost superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with the aid of coconut water and evaluate the ability of macrophages to internalize them. Our motivation was to determine potential therapeutic applications in drug-delivery systems associated with magnetic hyperthermia. We used the following characterization techniques: x-ray and electron diffractions, electron microscopy, spectrometry and magnetometry. The synthesized SPIONs, roughly 4 nm in diameter, were internalized by macrophages, likely via endocytic/phagocytic pathways. They were randomly distributed throughout the cytoplasm and mainly located in membrane-bound compartments. Nanoparticles presented an elevated intrinsic loss power value and were not cytotoxic to mammalian cells. Thus, we suggest that low-cost SPIONs have great therapeutic potential.