from Commercial Broiler and Backyard Chickens Share Sequence Types, Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles, and Resistance Genes with Human Extraintestinal Pathogenic .

recovered from poultry, and extraintestinal pathogenic (ExPEC), responsible for most cases of urinary tract infection (UTI) and bloodstream infection (BSI) in humans, may share genetic characteristics, suggesting that poultry are a potential source of ExPEC. Here, we compared isolated from commercial broiler and backyard chickens ( = 111) with ExPEC isolated from patients with community- or hospital-acquired UTI or BSI ( = 149) from Southeast Brazil. Isolates were genotyped by multilocus sequence typing, tested for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents, and screened for β-lactamase genes. We found that 10 genotypes were shared among poultry and human isolates: sequence type (ST) 10, ST48, ST58, ST88, ST90, ST93, ST131, ST602, ST617, and ST1018. Thirty-five (23%) ExPEC and 35 (31%) poultry isolates belonged to the shared STs. ST58 and ST88 isolates from human and poultry sources shared identical antimicrobial resistance profiles. was the most prevalent β-lactamase gene, identified in 65 (92%) of 71 ExPEC and 29 (67%) of 43 poultry that tested positive for β-lactamase genes. Commercial broiler chicken isolates shared the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes , and with human isolates; backyard chicken isolates lacked ESBL genes. In conclusion, several genotypic and phenotypic characteristics were shared between human and poultry ; this suggests that there is potential for transmission of and antimicrobial resistance genes from poultry to humans, perhaps through environmental contamination, direct contact, or consumption. Additional research is needed to understand the potential direction and pathways of transmission.