Purpose: To evaluate the effects of chronic smoking on tear function tests and meibomian glands.
Methods: This prospective study included 40 volunteers with a long-term (> 5 years) cigarette smoking history (study group) and 43 non-smoking healthy individuals (control group). The symptoms of all the participants were scored using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, and a detailed ophthalmological examination was performed including the tear breakup time (TBUT) and Schirmer test (with anaesthesia). The upper and lower lid meibomian glands were evaluated with meibography using the Sirius anterior segment analysis system (Sirius, CSO, Florence, Italy).
Results: The groups showed homogenous distribution in respect of age and gender (p > 0.05). The patients in the study group were determined with 22.59 ± 17.25 packet/year cigarette usage. The mean OSDI score was 36.67 ± 21.47 in the study group and 31.65 ± 15.60 in the control group (p = 0.64). The TBUT and Schirmer test values were determined as 9.65 ± 6.14 s and 8.90 ± 4.95 mm, respectively, in the study group and 11.23 ± 5.94 s and 13.08 ± 8.61 mm in the control group (p > 0.05). In the upper lid meibography, loss of 24.68 ± 16.54% was determined in the study group and 17.87 ± 7.06% in the control group (p = 0.01). No statistically significant difference was determined between the groups in respect of the lower lid meibomian gland loss: study group 14.70 ± 8.49% versus control group 12.48 ± 6.44% (p = 0.20).
Conclusions: Smoking results in meibomian gland damage which may be a risk factor for dry eye. In cases of ocular surface disorders related to chronic smoking, meibomian gland damage should be taken into consideration.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10792-019-01139-z | DOI Listing |
BMJ Open
October 2024
Consellería de Sanidade e o Servizo Galego de Saúde, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Introduction: Linezolid is a broadly used antibiotic to treat complicated infections caused by gram-positive bacteria. Therapeutic drug monitoring of linezolid concentrations is recommended to maximise its efficacy and safety, mainly haematological toxicity. Different pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets have been proposed to improve linezolid exposure: the ratio of the area under the concentration-time curve during a 24-hour period to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) between 80 and 120; percentage of time that the drug concentration remains above the MIC during a dosing interval greater than 85% and the trough concentration between 2 and 7 mg/L.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOur study investigates the post-mortem findings of the diaphragm's muscular structural changes in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients. Diaphragm samples of the right side from 42 COVID-19 critically ill patients were analyzed and correlated with the type and length of mechanical ventilation (MV), ventilatory parameters, prone positioning, and use of sedative drugs. The mean number of fibers was 550±626.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHaematologica
August 2024
Miloš Mladenović, ;Charlotte Flasshove, Bojana Mišković, ;José-María Ribera-Santasusana, Martin Hoenigl, Juergen Prattes, Malgorzata Mikulska, Annarosa Cuccaro, Emel Bekirova, Josip Batinić, ;Nick De Jonge, Tatjana Adžić-Vukičević, ;Ľuboš Drgoňa, Hans Martin Orth, Florian Reizine, Monica Piedimonte, Jörg Schubert, Andrés Soto-Silva, Jorge Loureiro-Amigo, Laura Serrano, Lisset Lorenzo De La Peña, Anna Guidetti, Irati Ormazabal-Vélez, Sandra Malak, Maria Calbacho, Noemí Fernández, Rafael F. Duarte, Elizabeth De Kort, Guldane Cengiz Seval, Luisa Verga, Rui Bergantim, María-Josefa Jiménez-Lorenzo, Johan Maertens, Nina Khanna, Matthias Egger, Omar-Francisco Coronel-Ayala, Przemyslaw Zdziarski, Alessandro Busca, Elena Busch, Christian Bjørn Poulsen, François Danion, Tania Cushion, Sergio Pinzón, Yung Gonzaga, Austin Kulasekararaj, Hossein Zarrinfar, Baerbel Hoell-Neugebauer, Chi Shan Kho, Rémy Duléry, Martin Kolditz, Monica Fung, Alina Daniela Tanase.
Ann Intensive Care
March 2024
Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Background: In some cases of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) who underwent extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR), negative pupillary light reflex (PLR) and mydriasis upon hospital arrival serve as common early indicator of poor prognosis. However, in certain patients with poor prognoses inferred by pupil findings upon hospital arrival, pupillary findings improve before and after the establishment of ECPR. The association between these changes in pupillary findings and prognosis remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Open Diabetes Res Care
February 2024
UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Introduction: There is conflicting evidence whether lower extremity arterial calcification coincides with coronary arterial calcification (CAC). The aims of this study were to investigate the associations between (1) femoral and crural calcification with CAC, and (2) femoral and crural calcification pattern with CAC.
Research Design And Methods: This cross-sectional study included 405 individuals (74% men, 62.
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