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Expression and role of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in tissue regeneration: a study of hypoxia in house gecko tail regeneration. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • The house gecko can shed its tail to escape predators, a process that requires significant energy and oxygen for subsequent regrowth.
  • Researchers studied tail regeneration by sampling tissue over 30 days after autotomy, analyzing mRNA and proteins to understand the roles of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1α and HIF-2α).
  • HIF-1α peaks shortly after tail loss to kickstart regeneration, but as oxygen levels drop, HIF-2α takes over, suggesting a coordinated effort between the two factors to manage the hypoxic environment during tissue healing.

Article Abstract

The house gecko () has evolved the ability to autotomize its tail when threatened. The lost part is then regrown via epimorphic regeneration in a process that requires high energy and oxygen levels. Oxygen demand is therefore likely to outstrip supply and this can result in relative hypoxia in the tissues of the regenerating tail. The hypoxic state is stabilized by the Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α) and HIF-2α proteins. We induced tail autotomy in 30 mal adults using a standard procedure and then collected samples of the regenerated tail tissue on days 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 13, 17, 21, 25, and 30 post autotomy. For each sample, mRNA expression was analyzed by qPCR, proteins were analyzed using Western Blot tests and immunohistochemistry, and the histological structure was analyzed using Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. On day 1, HIF-1α mRNA expression increased and the tissue was dominated by leucocyte and erythrocyte cells. HIF-1α mRNA expression peaked on day 3, at which time some cells were actively proliferating, migrating, and differentiating. At the same time as HIF-1α expression decreased, HIF-2α mRNA expression increased, as did overall cellular activity. HIF-2α expression increased more gradually but was present over a longer period of time than HIF-1α. We hypothesize that HIF-1α helps to initially stimulate the tissue regeneration process while HIF-2α functionally takes over the role of HIF-1α after HIF-1α succumbs to the oxygen conditions, but we suspect that both HIF-1α and HIF-2α play a role in overcoming the tissue's hypoxic state.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6746546PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15476278.2019.1644889DOI Listing

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