Using an evidence-based triage algorithm to reduce 90-day mortality after primary debulking surgery for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of an evidence-based triage algorithm to decide between primary debulking surgery (PDS) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval debulking surgery (NACT/IDS) for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).

Methods: Surgical morbidity and mortality (M/M) after PDS for stage IIIC-IV EOC at Mayo Clinic after implementation of the triage algorithm (contemporary cohort, 2012-July 2016) were compared to that of a historic PDS cohort (2003-2011).

Results: Mean age of the 232 women who met inclusion criteria in the contemporary cohort was 63.9 years. We observed a 71% decrease in 90-day mortality from 8.9% to 2.6% (P = 0.002) between the contemporary and historic cohorts. Accordion grade 3+ postoperative complications within 30 days after surgery decreased from 22.3% to 18.3% (P = 0.19). Among those with a grade 3+ complication, 90-day mortality rates decreased from 28.3% in the historic cohort to 2.4% in the contemporary cohort (P < 0.001) suggesting patients were better able to tolerate complex surgery. When compared to the historic PDS cohort, oncologic outcomes were also improved in the contemporary PDS cohort. Complete as well as optimal (residual disease ≤1 cm) cytoreduction rates increased (45.5% vs. 62.5% and 84.5% vs. 95.3%, respectively, P < 0.001), and the proportion of women starting chemotherapy within 42 days of surgery increased (57.4% vs. 69.8%, P = 0.001). Three-year overall survival was 53% in the historic cohort and 66% in the contemporary cohort (P < 0.001).

Conclusions: Use of the Mayo triage algorithm for EOC was associated with reduced 90-day mortality after PDS and improved oncologic outcomes. Surgical risk assessment is a critical aspect of treatment planning in the primary management of EOC and should be incorporated into practice.