Advances in flow cytometry have led to greatly improved primary immunodeficiency (PID) diagnostics. This is due to the fact that patient blood cells in suspension do not require further processing for analysis by flow cytometry, and many PIDs lead to alterations in leukocyte numbers, phenotype, and function. A large portion of current PID assays can be classified as "phenotyping" assays, where absolute numbers, frequencies, and markers are investigated using specific antibodies. Inherent drawbacks of antibody technology are the main limitation to this type of testing. On the other hand, "functional" assays measure cellular responses to certain stimuli. While these latter assays are powerful tools that can be used to detect defects in entire pathways and distinguish variants of significance, it requires samples with robust viability and also skilled processing. In this review, we concentrate on hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), describing the principles and accuracies of flow cytometric assays that have been proven to assist in the screening diagnosis of primary HLH.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01740 | DOI Listing |
Am J Cancer Res
December 2024
Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University Providence, RI 02903, USA.
Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is a target in prostate cancer therapy and can be treated with non-steroidal anti-androgens (NSAA) including enzalutamide, and apalutamide for patients with advanced disease. Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCPRC) develop resistance becomes refractory to therapy limiting patient overall survival. Darolutamide is a novel next-generation androgen receptor-signaling inhibitor that is FDA approved for non-metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids
January 2025
Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy that affects women. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in cancer therapy and regulate many biological processes such as cisplatin resistance. The study's objective was to determine whether miR-182 dysregulation was the cause of cisplatin resistance in TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Cell Mol Med
January 2025
Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived natural killer (NK) cells offer an opportunity for a standardized, off-the-shelf treatment with the potential to treat a wider population of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients than the current standard of care. FT538 iPSC-NKs express a high-affinity, noncleavable CD16 to maximize antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity, a CD38 knockout to improve metabolic fitness, and an IL-15/IL-15 receptor fusion preventing the need for cytokine administration, the main source of adverse effects in NK cell-based therapies. Here, we sought to evaluate the potential of FT538 iPSC-NKs as a therapy for AML through their effect on AML cell lines and primary AML cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
January 2025
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pecs, 12 Szigeti Street, 7624 Pecs, Hungary.
Pregnancy involves significant immunological changes to support fetal development while protecting the mother from infections. A growing body of evidence supports the importance of immune checkpoint pathways, especially at the maternal-fetal interface, although limited information is available about the peripheral expression of these molecules by CD8+ and CD8- NK cell subsets during the trimesters of pregnancy. Understanding the dynamics of these immune cells and their checkpoint pathways is crucial for elucidating their roles in pregnancy maintenance and potential complications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
Department of Cytopathology, Institute of Oncology, Zaloška Cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Flow cytometric (FC) immunophenotyping and T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement studies are essential ancillary methods for the characterisation of T-cell lymphomas. Traditional manual gating and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based analyses can be labour-intensive, operator-dependent, and have limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity. The objective of our study was to investigate the efficacy of the Phenograph and t-SNE algorithms together with an antibody specific for the TCR β-chain constant region 1 (TRBC1) to identify monoclonal T-cell populations.
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