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Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous axillary artery access in patients requiring upper extremity large sheath access during complex aortic interventions.
Methods: Consecutive patients who had percutaneous axillary artery access with a large-bore sheath during endovascular thoracoabdominal aortic artery aneurysm repair within an Food and Drug Administration-approved, physician-sponsored investigational device exemption study or visceral artery interventions during other complex aortic interventions were included in the study. All patients had percutaneous axillary artery ultrasound-guided access and deployment of 2 Perclose ProGlide devices (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA) prior to introduction of a large sheath. Completion angiography was performed to assess technical success of percutaneous access site closure, which was defined as hemostatic arterial closure without evidence of axillary artery stenosis or occlusion requiring intervention. Follow-up computed tomography scans and patient records were also reviewed for access site associated complications.
Results: A total of 46 patients underwent percutaneous axillary artery access. Largest sheath profile was 16F in 1 (2%), 12F in 42 (91%), 10F in 1 (2%), 9F in 1 (2%), and 8F in 1 (2%) patient. Technical success was achieved in 41 of 46 patients (89%). Five patients required endovascular covered stent placement during the index operation to control persistent access site bleeding. Two of 46 patients (4%) suffered access-related complications; both patients experienced ipsilateral upper extremity paresthesias without motor weakness, with persistent digit numbness in one. There was no incidence of conversion to open axillary artery repair and no additional access site complications (stenosis, occlusion, or dissection) but neurologic complications were observed during follow-up.
Conclusions: Percutaneous axillary artery access can be used to provide upper extremity arterial access during complex aortic interventions with high rates of safety and technical success. Overall complication rates are low and occurred mainly during the early experience, indicating that there is an associated learning curve effect. Elimination of surgical cutdown incisions and arterial conduits by using percutaneous axillary access may reduce operative times and wound-related complications during complex aortic interventions requiring large-bore upper extremity access.
