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Multidimensional Developments and Free-Play Movement Tracking in 30- to 36-Month-Old Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorder Who Were Full Term. | LitMetric

Multidimensional Developments and Free-Play Movement Tracking in 30- to 36-Month-Old Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorder Who Were Full Term.

Phys Ther

School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Room 317, Floor 3, No. 17, Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei 10055, Taiwan; and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital.

Published: November 2019

AI Article Synopsis

  • The study examines cognitive, motor, and behavioral developments in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to typically developing toddlers and those born preterm with very low birth weight.
  • It found that toddlers with ASD had lower cognitive and motor scores, and exhibited more behavioral problems than the other groups, while also showing distinct patterns in free-play movement.
  • Limitations include a small sample size and a focus on overall body movements rather than more nuanced motions, suggesting the need for further research in this area.

Article Abstract

Background: Few studies have investigated multidimensional developments and free-play movement performance in toddlers with an early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Objective: This study compared cognitive, motor, and behavioral developments and free-play movement performance in toddlers with ASD who were full term (FT-ASD), toddlers who were full term and are typically developing (FT-TD), and toddlers who were born preterm and had a very low birth weight (VLBW-PT).

Design: This was a prospective cross-sectional study.

Methods: Forty-five 30- to 36-month-old age-matched toddlers were recruited and divided into FT-ASD, FT-TD, and VLBW-PT groups. Their developments were examined using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning; the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, Second Edition; the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1.5 to 5; and the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised. In addition, the toddlers' free-play movements were tracked in laboratory settings using an automatic movement tracking system.

Results: Toddlers with FT-ASD exhibited lower cognitive and motor scores and a higher degree of behavioral problems compared with toddlers with FT-TD or VLBW-PT. Furthermore, the movement tracking data in a free-play setting revealed that toddlers with FT-ASD displayed a higher degree of turning velocity, a higher moving time, and a higher frequency of moving toward the peripheral region compared with toddlers with FT-TD or VLBW-PT. Moreover, several motor developmental and movement-tracking indicators were found to correlate with behavioral problems and cognitive scores in toddlers with FT-ASD.

Limitations: The study results may have been affected by the small sample size, the cross-sectional design, and tracking only the whole body without subtle movements or segmental motions.

Conclusions: The findings suggest varied aspects of co-occurring developmental conditions and movement-based problems in toddlers with FT-ASD. Using standardized and sensitive measures for the early assessment of perceptuo-motor impairments is necessary for timely early intervention for such toddlers.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzz114DOI Listing

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