AI Article Synopsis
- * Researchers used pictorial scales to assess these constructs in a large sample of 14,035 Italian schoolchildren aged 6 to 7 years, separated by gender and age.
- * Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scales effectively measure both self-efficacy and enjoyment, confirming their suitability for young children in physical education settings.
Article Abstract
Background: Self-efficacy and enjoyment are two main constructs proposed within many motivational theories in any human endeavor, sport and physical activity included.
Methods: The purpose of this study was to examine the factor structure of two pictorial scales measuring self-efficacy and enjoyment levels in a sample of 14,035 Italian schoolchildren (7,075 boys and 6,960 girls, 6- to 7-year-olds). An important feature of the two scales is that they are in a pictorial format in order to prompt a straightforward understanding in children. The whole sample was randomly split in two subsamples according to gender and age and the factor structure of the measures was examined across subsamples.
Results: Data were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis, which yielded satisfactory fit indices on the measures of both subsamples. Overall findings supported the single factor structure of the scales, which can be easily administered to 6- to 7-year-old children to assess two relevant psychological constructs in physical education.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6673428 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7402 | DOI Listing |
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