Prior knowledge shapes what we perceive. A new brain stimulation study suggests that this perceptual shaping is achieved by changes in sensory brain regions before the input arrives, with common mechanisms operating across different sensory areas.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.06.054 | DOI Listing |
Mol Autism
January 2025
Department of Special Education, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
Background: Alterations in sensory perception, a core phenotype of autism, are attributed to imbalanced integration of sensory information and prior knowledge during perceptual statistical (Bayesian) inference. This hypothesis has gained momentum in recent years, partly because it can be implemented both at the computational level, as in Bayesian perception, and at the level of canonical neural microcircuitry, as in predictive coding. However, empirical investigations have yielded conflicting results with evidence remaining limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn
December 2024
University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences.
Listeners can use both lexical context (i.e., lexical knowledge activated by the word itself) and lexical predictions based on the content of a preceding sentence to adjust their phonetic categories to speaker idiosyncrasies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComput Struct Biotechnol J
December 2024
The State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Remote Measurement and Control, School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
Object handover is a fundamental task for collaborative robots, particularly service robots. In in-home assistance scenarios, individuals often face constraints due to their posture and declining physical functions, necessitating high demands on robots for flexible real-time control and intuitive interactions. During robot-to-human handovers, individuals are limited to making perceptual judgements based on the appearance of the object and the consistent behaviour of the robot.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Cogn
January 2025
Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium.
Many theories on cognitive effort start from the assumption that cognitive effort can be expended at will, and flexibly up- or down-regulated depending on expected task demand and rewards. However, while effort regulation has been investigated across a wide range of incentive conditions, few investigated the cost of effort regulation itself. Across four experiments, we studied the effects of reward expectancy and task difficulty on effort expenditure in a perceptual decision-making task (random-dot-motion) and a cognitive control task (colour-naming Stroop), and within each task comparted cues between short (cueing the next trial) and long (cueing the next six trials) prediction horizons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Exp Biol
January 2025
Independent researcher, 74 Eccleston Square, London, UK.
The function of zebra stripes has long puzzled biologists: contrasted and conspicuous colours are unusual in mammals. The puzzle appears solved: two lines of evidence indicate that they evolved as a protection against biting flies, the geographical coincidence of stripes and exposure to trypanosomiasis in Africa and field experiments showing flies struggling to navigate near zebras. A logical mechanistic explanation would be that stripes interfere with flies' analysis of the optic flow; however, both spatio-temporal aliasing and the aperture effect seem ruled out following recent experiments showing that randomly checked patterns also interfere with flies' capacity to navigate near zebras.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!