Uterine yolk sac tumors have gained increased recognition in recent years. The current study is a multi-faceted examination of yolk sac tumor-like phenotypes in endometrial tumors, based on an analysis of 3 groups of uterine tumors: Group 1: 9 endometrial tumors that had been classified as yolk sac tumor, or as having a yolk sac tumor component, were assessed with a 35-marker immunohistochemical panel, with the goal of defining their immunophenotypic spectrum; Group 2, comprised of 70 endometrial carcinomas of various histotypes, were analyzed for their expression of SALL4, Glypican-3, and AFP, to assess the specificity of these markers for yolk sac tumors relative to endometrial carcinomas; Group 3, comprised of 626 archived cases of endometrial carcinoma/carcinosarcoma, reviewed to define the frequency of yolk sac tumor-like morphology therein. Yolk sac tumor areas in the Group 1 cases were consistently immunoreactive for SALL4 and Glypican-3; variably positive for AFP (89%), Villin (89%), PLAP (78%), 34βE12 (67%), CAM 5.2 (62.5%), EMA (56%), CD117 (50%), p16 (50%), CDX2 (44%), p53 (44% aberrant), MOC31 (37.5%), CK7 (33%), GATA3 (33%), CK5 (25%), and PAX8 (11%); and were negative for CD30, Napsin A, OCT4, estrogen, androgen, and progesterone receptors. 29 (41%) of the 70 group-2 cases expressed at least one of the 3 markers, and 96% of the positive cases was a high-grade histotype. Glypican-3, SALL4, and AFP were positive in 30, 20, and 2.8% of group-2 cases respectively; however, co-expression of any 2, or all 3 markers was uncommon (<9 and 1.4% of cases respectively). Potential yolk sac tumor-like morphology was identified in 5 (0.8%) of 626 group-3 cases, and three were ultimately deemed to be true yolk sac tumor phenotypes based on their morphologic and immunophenotypic similarity to the group 1 cases. These findings highlight the broad immunophenotypic spectrum of uterine yolk sac tumors, the potential pitfalls associated with using immunophenotypes alone to define yolk sac tumor differentiation in endometrial carcinoma, and the utility and limitations of morphologic assessment to identify yolk sac tumors at this site.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41379-019-0341-6 | DOI Listing |
Front Oncol
December 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, JiNan, China.
We report a case and follow-up of an adult male with intracranial yolk sac tumor (YST). Initially, the patient presented with abnormal high signals in the right basal ganglia on MRI, misdiagnosed as a cavernous hemangioma. However, within 2 years, the condition rapidly progressed into a large, hypervascular solid neoplasm leading to a basal ganglia hemorrhage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHinyokika Kiyo
November 2024
The Department of Urology, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital.
A 26-year-old male presented to a hospital with complaints of hemoptysis and right scrotal swelling. Computed tomography (CT) revealed right testicular swelling, multiple lung metastases, and small intestinal wall thickening. The patient's β-human chorionic gonadotropin, alpha-fetoprotein, lactate dehydrogenase, and hemoglobin levels were 103.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Pollut
December 2024
Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China. Electronic address:
The potential health risks of microplastics (MPs) and their combined exposure with heavy metals such as mercury (Hg) in aquatic environment are increasingly concerned recently. In this work, zebrafish embryos were exposed to different levels of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs, ∼0.1 μm) coupled with Hg(II) or/and MeHg at 20 μg/L, to investigate the tissue biodistribution and accumulation of PS-MPs and Hg species, and their interaction, as well as embryo toxicity, oxidative stress and metabolic profiles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Surg Case Rep
December 2024
Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Liuzhou Hospital, Guangxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. Electronic address:
Introduction: Infantile vaginal yolk sac tumor (YST) is a rare and aggressive form of pediatric cancer that often presents with bloody discharge. Despite advances in chemotherapy, managing post-chemotherapy AFP level rebounds remains a challenge. This case report describes a 7-month-old girl with vaginal YST whose AFP levels rose following 3 cycles of PEB chemotherapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
November 2024
Urology, Broward Health Coral Springs, Coral Springs, USA.
Testicular cancer is one of the leading malignancies affecting young men, with germ cell tumors (GCTs) being the most prevalent type. These tumors are classified into two main subtypes: seminomas and non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCTs), with the latter known for their higher likelihood of metastasis. Early detection through imaging and tumor markers like alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is crucial for favorable outcomes.
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