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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: models/Detail_model.php
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Background: Constitutional thinness (CT) is a state of low but stable body weight (BMI ≤18 kg/m2). CT subjects have normal-range hormonal profiles and food intake but exhibit resistance to weight gain despite living in the modern world's obesogenic environment.
Objective: The goal of this study is to identify molecular mechanisms underlying this protective phenotype against weight gain.
Methods: We conducted a clinical overfeeding study on 30 CT subjects and 30 controls (BMI 20-25 kg/m2) matched for age and sex. We performed clinical and integrative molecular and transcriptomic analyses on white adipose and muscle tissues.
Results: Our results demonstrate that adipocytes were markedly smaller in CT individuals (mean ± SEM: 2174 ± 142 μm 2) compared with controls (3586 ± 216 μm2) (P < 0.01). The mitochondrial respiratory capacity was higher in CT adipose tissue, particularly at the level of complex II of the electron transport chain (2.2-fold increase; P < 0.01). This higher activity was paralleled by an increase in mitochondrial number (CT compared with control: 784 ± 27 compared with 675 ± 30 mitochondrial DNA molecules per cell; P < 0.05). No evidence for uncoupled respiration or "browning" of the white adipose tissue was found. In accordance with the mitochondrial differences, CT subjects had a distinct adipose transcriptomic profile [62 differentially expressed genes (false discovery rate of 0.1 and log fold change >0.75)], with many differentially expressed genes associating with positive metabolic outcomes. Pathway analyses revealed an increase in fatty acid oxidation ( P = 3 × 10-04) but also triglyceride biosynthesis (P = 3.6 × 10-04). No differential response to the overfeeding was observed in the 2 groups.
Conclusions: The distinct molecular signature of the adipose tissue in CT individuals suggests the presence of augm ented futile lipid cycling, rather than mitochondrial uncoupling, as a way to increase energy expenditure in CT individuals. We propose that increased mitochondrial function in adipose tissue is an important mediator in sustaining the low body weight in CT individuals. This knowledge could ultimately allow more targeted approaches for weight management treatment strategies. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02004821.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6736451 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz144 | DOI Listing |
J Bone Joint Surg Am
December 2024
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY.
Background: Weight optimization methods in morbidly obese patients with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥40 kg/m2 undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have shown mixed results. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of perioperative use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in patients with a BMI of ≥40 kg/m2 undergoing primary TKA.
Methods: Using an administrative claims database, patients with morbid obesity undergoing primary TKA were stratified into GLP-1 RA use for 3 months before and after the surgical procedure (treatment group) and GLP-1 RA non-use (control group), and were matched on the basis of patient age, gender, diagnosis of type-2 diabetes mellitus, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI).
J Anim Sci
December 2024
Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
Our objective was to evaluate the effect of a multispecies fungal extract (MFE) on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), fermentation characteristics, and rumen microbiome composition of beef cattle fed forage-based diets. For experiment 1, ruminally cannulated Angus × SimAngus cows (n = 4; body weight [BW] = 569 ± 21 kg) were used in a randomized crossover design with two 21-d study periods and a 23-d washout period to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of a MFE on in situ digestion, ruminal fermentation, and the composition of the rumen microbiome. Treatments consisted of a forage-based diet with or without the inclusion of a MFE.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult
December 2024
Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky, Saratov, Russia.
Unlabelled: The problem of rational activation of functions of the central nervous system of a human remains highly relevant.
Objective: To analyze scientific data on the use of transcranial exposure method in obesity.
Results: The literature review presents current data on the effectiveness of non-invasive hardware brain neurostimulation in obese patients.
Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult
December 2024
Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
Unlabelled: Dystrophinopathies - a group of hereditary X-linked neuromuscular diseases characterized by worsening fibrofatty degeneration of skeletal muscles, muscular weakness, low exercise tolerance, as well as orthopedic, cardiovascular and respiratory complications. Study of the effectiveness of physical medical rehabilitation in patients with neuromuscular diseases, evaluation of the influence of external and internal factors on functional capabilities and effectiveness of the conducted rehabilitation are highly relevant.
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of physical medical rehabilitation of patients with dystrophinopathies at the outpatient stages of the disease's course and the influence of anthropometric characteristics and functional status of patients' motor capabilities.
Abdom Radiol (NY)
December 2024
Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
Purpose: To establish the normal ranges of the main portal vein (MPV), left portal vein (LPV), and right portal vein (RPV) diameters in children and adolescents using abdominal contrast-enhanced CT.
Methods: We retrospectively enrolled children and adolescents (under 19 years) who underwent abdominal contrast-enhanced CT examinations in our hospital between January 2018 and January 2024. Subjects with conditions potentially affecting the portal vein diameter were excluded.
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