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The Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with the Presence of Antibiotic Residues in Milk from Peri-Urban Dairy Cattle Farms in Kathmandu, Nepal.
Antibiotics (Basel)
January 2025
Queensland Alliance for One Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
The presence of antibiotic residues (ARs) in animal products such as milk can be an important driver of antimicrobial resistance in commensal and pathogenic bacteria. Previous studies on ARs in Nepal have demonstrated the presence of ARs in milk samples but without further characterization of the samples for risk factor analysis. This study aimed to quantify the prevalence and risk factors for the presence of ARs in 140 peri-urban dairy farms in Kathmandu, Nepal, included in a cross-sectional survey in 2019 to estimate farm-level AR prevalence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA qualitative exploration of the enablers of and barriers to conformance with antibiotic withdrawal periods on smallholding, peri-urban pig farms in Kiambu County, Kenya.
PLoS One
January 2025
Animal and Human Health Department, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Non-conformance with antibiotic withdrawal period guidelines represents a food safety concern, with potential for antibiotic toxicities and allergic reactions as well as selecting for antibiotic resistance. In the Kenyan domestic pig market, conformance with antibiotic withdrawal periods is not a requirement of government legislation and evidence suggests that antibiotic residues may frequently be above recommended limits. In this study, we sought to explore enablers of and barriers to conformance with antibiotic withdrawal periods for pig farms supplying a local independent abattoir in peri-urban Nairobi.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfluenza a Virus Detection at the Human-Swine Interface in US Midwest Swine Farms.
Viruses
December 2024
Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
This study evaluated influenza A virus (IAV) detection and genetic diversity over time, specifically at the human-swine interface in breeding and nursery farms. Active surveillance was performed monthly in five swine farms in the Midwest United States targeting the employees, the prewean piglets at sow farms, and the same cohort of piglets in downstream nurseries. In addition, information was collected at enrollment for each employee and farm to assess production management practices, IAV vaccination status, diagnostic procedures, and biosecurity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFeed additives for methane mitigation: Modeling the impact of feed additives on enteric methane emission of ruminants-Approaches and recommendations.
J Dairy Sci
January 2025
Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616. Electronic address:
Over the past decade, there has been considerable attention on mitigating enteric methane (CH) emissions from ruminants through the utilization of antimethanogenic feed additives (AMFA). Administered in small quantities, these additives demonstrate potential for substantial reductions of methanogenesis. Mathematical models play a crucial role in comprehending and predicting the quantitative impact of AMFA on enteric CH emissions across diverse diets and production systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvaluation of antibiotic purchase data for ceftiofur and enrofloxacin and minimum inhibitory concentrations among Escherichia coli isolates from swine farms in the Midwestern United States using multiple statistical models.
Prev Vet Med
February 2025
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
Antimicrobial resistance is considered a global One Health threat. Controlling selection pressure by reducing antibiotic use in livestock is a significant component of the response to this threat. The science concerning use and resistance is complicated and affected by time from antibiotic exposure, changing bacterial fitness, and varies by drug and pathogen.
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