Department of Environmental and Societal Affairs, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokai University, 3-20-1, Orido, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, 424-8610, Japan.
Published: July 2019
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Pacific white-sided dolphins are a group-living species and appear to exchange "contact calls" to maintain group cohesion. The aim of this study was to find and characterize their contact calls. Calls were recorded from two females at Osaka Aquarium KAIYUKAN (OAK) and three females at Izu-Mito Sea Paradise (IMSP). Because they often produced pulsed calls consecutively, a "pulsed call sequence" was defined as three or more successive pulsed calls occurring within 325 ms, which was calculated using a bout analysis. The pulsed call sequences increased during separation periods and decreased during reunions and were used for vocal exchange, suggesting that the sequences are contact calls in Pacific white-sided dolphins. Most of the pulsed call sequences were classified into unique types; several stereotyped, repeated patterns were found. One sequence type was found at OAK and the two dolphins shared the type; they exchanged sequences with type matching. On the other hand, three sequence types were found in IMSP and the three dolphins shared all of the types; however, each dolphin preferentially used different types and frequently exchanged with their own favorite types but not with type matching. These results suggest that the sequence type may function as an individual and/or group identity.
The genus Typhlomys comprises six species that all exhibit exceptional climbing agility in arboreal habitats, of which five have been established to use ultrasonic echolocation in the 80-120-kHz frequency range to navigate among tree branches. Here, we investigated the ultrasonic vocalizations of the remaining and recently recognized species, T. fengjiensis, and compared its ultrasonic and morphological traits with its sibling species T.
Background: At a global level, regional variation in the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is influenced by patient demographics and geography. Rural patients with STEMI are disadvantaged in reaching timely care owing to distance and limited ambulance and healthcare resources. Optimising models of STEMI care is key to overcoming the excess rural vs metropolitan cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Rats are believed to communicate their emotional state by emitting two distinct types of ultrasonic vocalizations. The first is long '22-kHz' vocalizations (>300 ms, <32-kHz) with constant frequency, signaling aversive states, and the second is short '50-kHz' calls (<150 ms, >32 kHz), often frequency-modulated, in appetitive situations. Here, we describe aversive vocalizations emitted at a higher pitch by male Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) in an intensified aversive state - prolonged fear conditioning.
Objectives: Greater vulnerability of Black vs. White individuals to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is well charted in the United States, but studies involving sub-Saharan blacks are scarce.
Methods: Baseline data (2021-2024) were collected in 168 sub-Saharan Blacks and 93 European Whites in an ongoing clinical trial (NCT04299529), using standardized patient selection criteria.
División Herpetología; Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"-CONICET; C1405DJR; CABA; Buenos Aires; Argentina; Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental; Faculdade de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires; C1428EGA; CABA; Buenos Aires; Argentina.
Ololygon skuki is a species of the O. argyreornata group, only known to occur in an Atlantic Forest fragment in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. Current knowledge about this species is restricted to descriptions of both adults and larvae.
