The force on a probe induced by a nonequilibrium medium is in general nongradient. We detail the mechanism of this feature via nonequilibrium response theory. The emergence of nongradient forces is due to a systematic "twist" of the excess frenesy with respect to the entropy flux, in response to changes in the coupling or in the position of the probe in the nonequilibrium medium.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5098055 | DOI Listing |
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