Wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 5a is a key inhibitor of islet stellate cells activation.

Aims/introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by islet β-cell dysfunction, which might result from the activation of islet stellate cells (ISCs). Our recent study showed that a specific population of ISCs is prone to be activated in type 2 diabetes mellitus accompanied by reduced secretion of insulin. The wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 5a (Wnt5a)/frizzled-5 signaling pathway might play an important role in this process. The present study aimed to explore the effects of Wnt5a on the activation of ISCs isolated from db/db mice.

Materials And Methods: ISCs were isolated from db/db mice and matched db/m mice. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting analysis were applied for the determination of Wnt5a expression. Exogenous Wnt5a and lentivirus containing the target gene Wnt5a short hairpin ribonucleic acid were used as a molecular intervention. The experiment of transwell and wound healing was used to evaluate the migration of the isolated ISCs.

Results: Our data showed that the expression of Wnt5a and frizzled-5 was decreased in the ISCs isolated from db/db mice compared with db/m mice. Both the exogenous Wnt5a and the overexpression of Wnt5a could inhibit the outgrowth rate of ISCs from islets, and its viability, migration and α smooth muscle actin expression. These changes were associated with the inactivation of the Smad2/3 signaling pathway in a frizzled-5-dependent manner.

Conclusions: Our observations revealed a potential role of Wnt5a in preventing ISC activation. The maintenance of quiescent ISCs might be a desirable outcome of therapeutic strategies for diabetes mellitus.