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Nanoscale Architecture of the Cortical Actin Cytoskeleton in Embryonic Stem Cells. | LitMetric

Nanoscale Architecture of the Cortical Actin Cytoskeleton in Embryonic Stem Cells.

Cell Rep

Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore. Electronic address:

Published: July 2019

AI Article Synopsis

Article Abstract

Mechanical cues influence pluripotent stem cell differentiation, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) exhibit unusual cytomechanical properties, including low cell stiffness and attenuated responses to substrate rigidity, but the underlying structural basis remains obscure. Using super-resolution microscopy to investigate the actin cytoskeleton in mESCs, we observed that the actin cortex consists of a distinctively sparse and isotropic network. Surprisingly, the architecture and mechanics of the mESC actin cortex appear to be largely myosin II-independent. The network density can be modulated by perturbing Arp2/3 and formin, whereas capping protein (CP) negatively regulates cell stiffness. Transient Arp2/3-containing aster-like structures are implicated in the organization and mechanical homeostasis of the cortical network. By generating a low-density network that physically excludes myosin II, the interplay between Arp2/3, formin, and CP governs the nanoscale architecture of the actin cortex and prescribes the cytomechanical properties of mESCs.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.089DOI Listing

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