Patterns and characteristics associated with surface contamination of hazardous drugs in hospital pharmacies.

Purpose: The surface contamination levels of 5 commonly used hazardous drugs in hospital pharmacies are summarized, identifying practice patterns associated with contamination.

Methods: Contamination testing data were compiled to evaluate surface contaminants of 5 hazardous drugs (docetaxel, paclitaxel, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, and 5-fluorourcil). Data from 5,842 wipes over 6 years were collected from 338 hospital pharmacies. The contamination level for each drug was categorized as nondetectable (ND; ≤10 ng/ft2), low (between 10 and ≤100 ng/ft2), medium (between 100 and ≤1,000 ng/ft2) or high (>1,000 ng/ft2). Surface exposures for each drug were summarized based on location, contamination at first and subsequent wipe events, and the use of a closed system transfer device (CSTD).

Results: The majority of contamination results corresponded to locations at or near hazardous drug preparation, but also occurred in areas where hazardous drugs were not prepared. There was a higher incidence of contamination levels (high, medium, and low, respectively) at first wipe event (10.2%, 17.4%, and 17.7%) compared to subsequent wipe events (5.8%, 12.2%, and 13.6%) (p < 0.0001). There was a lower incidence of contamination levels at institutions that used CSTDs (6.3%, 12.8%, and 14.4%) compared to institutions that did not use CSTDs (14.2%, 17.9%, and 17.3%) (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions: The majority of highest contamination levels corresponded to locations where hazardous drugs were prepared. While the rate of contamination was lower at subsequent wipe events and at institutions that used CSTDs, contamination was not completely eliminated in either scenario.