Long-term Outcome of Anterior Cervical Decompression With Fusion for Cervical Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Including Postsurgical Remnant Ossified Spinal Lesion.

Study Design: A retrospective study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the outcome, perioperative complications, and prognostic factors of anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) in patients with cervical ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL).

Summary Of Background Data: There is little information on the long-term surgical outcome of ACDF including postsurgical remnant ossified spinal lesion.

Methods: Between 1993 and 2013, 80 patients with cervical myelopathy towing to OPLL underwent ACDF at our hospital. Among these, 42 patients were followed-up for at least 5 years and their data were analyzed.

Results: The mean follow-up period was 7.9 ± 2.8 years, and the overall improvement rate was 59.2% ± 15.0%. Although 12 (15.0%) perioperative complications were observed in 6 patients, accompanied by neurological deterioration, none of the patients had chronic complications. Multivariate logistic regression analysis that included the preoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, type of OPLL, occupying ratio of OPLL, and number of fused segments and increase in the transverse area of the cord identified the latter parameter as the only independent and significant determinant of radiological and clinical improvement of >50%. Among the patients with remaining ossified spinal lesions out of the decompressed range (16 patients), postoperative progression was observed in 6 cases (14.3%) who were all of the mixed type; floated lesions within the decompressed range did not show progression during the follow-up. Adjacent segment degeneration was seen in nine (21.4%) patients, and neurological signs and symptoms were seen in only three of the nine patients and only one patient required revision surgery.

Conclusion: The long-term clinical outcome of patients with cervical OPLL after ACDF is considered satisfactory. Surgery-related complications and adjacent segment diseases should not be reasons to avoid ACDF. Care should be taken in selecting ACDF with postsurgical remnant ossified spinal lesion, as it could progress postoperatively especially in the mixed type OPLL.

Level Of Evidence: 4.