Some parasitoids modify the behavior of their hosts, benefiting themselves at the host's expense. This phenomenon is called 'manipulation', and current research on parasitoid manipulation of host behavior tends to fall into one of three categories. First, the frequency of manipulation and the magnitude of its benefits to the parasitoid remains unclear. Basic documentation of manipulations is thus a major research focus, with especially valuable recent data coming from spiders manipulated by Polysphincta wasps. Second, for a handful of systems, we now have sufficient phylogenetic and behavioral data to begin asking questions about how manipulation evolved. Finally, the field continues to probe the mechanisms through which parasitoids manipulate host behavior, and now examines the role of parasitoid symbionts in this interaction.
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