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A role for the midbrain reticular formation in delay-based decision making.
Front Syst Neurosci
December 2024
Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
In many real-life situations, decisions involve temporal delays between actions and their outcomes. During these intervals, waiting is an active process that requires maintaining motivation and anticipating future rewards. This study aimed to explore the role of the midbrain reticular formation (MRF) in delay-based decision-making.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLongitudinal Pathways From Maltreatment to Substance Use Through Delay Discounting During Adolescence and Into Young Adulthood.
JAACAP Open
December 2024
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia.
Objective: Children and adolescents exposed to maltreatment are at a greater risk for substance use disorders in adulthood. However, developmental processes that explain how maltreatment experiences may influence substance use behaviors remain unclear. We investigated whether delay discounting (ie, the preference for immediate over delayed rewards), a critical indicator of self-regulation, serves as a key mechanism linking maltreatment and substance use.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSerial pattern learning: Pigeons (Columba livia) prefer an improving schedule over an initially easier fixed ratio schedule.
J Comp Psychol
November 2024
University of Kentucky, Department of Psychology.
Serial pattern learning describes behavior in which a subject anticipates not only the time and effort needed for the next reinforcer but also the pattern of time and effort to reinforcers after the first. Chandel et al. (2021) found that pigeons left a progressive (increasing ratio) schedule earlier than would have been optimal.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTyrosine Hydroxylase-positive Nucleus Accumbens Neurons Influence Delay Discounting in a Mouse T-maze Task.
eNeuro
December 2024
University of Toronto Scarborough, Department of Psychology, Toronto, M1C 1A4, Canada
Delay discounting (DD) is a phenomenon where individuals devalue a reward associated with a temporal delay, with the rate of devaluation being representative of impulsive-like behavior. Here we first sought to develop and validate a mouse DD task to study brain circuits involved in DD decision-making within short developmental time windows, given widespread evidence of developmental regulation of impulse control and risk-taking. We optimized a T-maze DD task for mice that enables training and DD trials within two weeks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPesticide Residues in Cabbage and Nile Tilapia and Implications on Human Health and Ecosystems: A Case of Fogera District in Ethiopia.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol
November 2024
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Article Synopsis
- Pesticides present health risks to consumers and ecosystems globally, prompting researchers to recommend ongoing assessments of pesticide residues in food and environments.
- This study focused on quantifying pesticide residues in cabbage and fish from Ethiopia, using advanced techniques to analyze samples collected in 2023, confirming contamination and significant health risks.
- The results indicated high levels of organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides in both cabbage (over 92% above limits) and fish, raising concerns for agricultural practices in the Fogera District and highlighting the need for improved pesticide monitoring and management.
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