The incidence rate of diabetes mellitus (type II) and its related risk factors: A 10-year longitudinal study of Yazd Healthy Heart Cohort (YHHC), Iran.

Background And Objectives: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, which occurs due to insufficient production of insulin by the pancreas or resistance to insulin produced by the body. The most dangerous and Long-term complications of diabetes include renal failure, heart failure, cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetic foot ulcers, and diabetic neuropathy.

Materials And Methods: This longitudinal cohort study was conducted on 1641 non-diabetic people of 2000 participants enrolled in phase I of Yazd Healthy Heart project (YHHP) aged 20-74 year-old resident of the city of Yazd. They were selected randomly through cluster sampling method and included in follow up a project for ten years (2004-2014). In order to analyze the data, Chi-Square, independent t-test and logistic regression statistical models were used through the SPSS Ver.

Results: The incidence rate of DM type II among the people aged 20-74 years in Yazd was 21.4 per 1000 of a population-year. Univariate analysis revealed that the relative risk of DM incidence increased by smoking, increasing BMI, abdominal obesity, hypertension, and increased cholesterol, triglyceride and uric acid levels (p < 0.0001). Variables with a significant p-value < 0.05 using the univariate analysis were included in the logistic regression model. Age, family history of diabetes mellitus in relatives, abdominal obesity, triglyceride values greater than 150 and uric acid more than the 75th percentile were recognized as independent risk factors of diabetes.

Conclusion: In the present study, Age, family history of DM, abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, and high uric acid are the most important risk factors for diabetes.