Call a spade a spade: taxonomy and distribution of , with description of a new Balkan endemic.

The genomic era contributes to update the taxonomy of many debated terrestrial vertebrates. In an accompanying work, we provided a comprehensive molecular assessment of spadefoot toads () using genomic data. Our results call for taxonomic updates in this group. First, nuclear phylogenomics confirmed the species-level divergence between the Iberian and its Moroccan relative . Second, we inferred that and , considered subspecies until recently, feature partial reproductive isolation and thus deserve a specific level. Third, we evidenced cryptic speciation and diversification among deeply diverged lineages collectively known as . Populations from the Near East correspond to the Eastern spadefoot toad sensu stricto, which is represented by two subspecies, one in the Levant () and the other in the rest of the range (). Populations from southeastern Europe correspond to the Balkan spadefoot toad, . Based on genetic evidence, this species is also polytypic: the nominal inhabits the Balkan Peninsula; a new subspecies appears endemic to the Peloponnese. In this paper, we provide an updated overview of the taxonomy and distribution of all extant taxa and describe