Total gastrectomy in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma: Is there an advantage to the minimally invasive approach?

Background: Previous evaluations of the oncologic efficacy of minimally invasive approaches to total gastrectomy in gastric adenocarcinoma have been limited by sample size and duration of follow-up.

Methods: We queried the National Cancer Database to identify patients undergoing robotic and laparoscopic or open total gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma between 2010 and 2015. Propensity score matching was used to adjust for patient, tumor, and treating facility factors. Kaplan-Meier survival functions were used to compare overall survival. Secondary outcomes included margin status, lymph node sampling, mortality, readmission, and length of stay.

Results: In the study, 3,213 (72.2%) patients underwent open total gastrectomy; 1,238 (27.8%) minimally invasive total gastrectomy. Patients undergoing minimally invasive total gastrectomy were more likely to be treated at academic (49.5% vs 57.8%, P < .05) and high-volume centers (21.6% vs 28.4%, P < .05). Propensity score matching yielded 1,238 open and 1,238 minimally invasive well-matched total gastrectomies. Minimally invasive was associated with a decreased median length of stay (10 vs 9 days; P < .01). Rates of positive surgical margins, 30-day readmission, 90-day mortality and overall survival were identical between matched cohorts (P > .1).

Conclusion: Minimally invasive approaches to total gastrectomy provide perioperative oncologic outcomes and overall survival rates that are identical to those for open total gastrectomy but are associated with reduced length of stay.