Intentional benzodiazepine (BZD) overdose is usually a benign condition frequently encountered in the emergency department of hospital. Twenty-one patients, who were suspected of BZD overdose, were treated with the antagonist of the central type BZD-receptors Ro 15-1788. Samples for toxicological analysis were taken before and after treatment. The patients were divided into three groups. In the first group (pure BZD overdose, n = 9), rapid and complete awakening was observed in all the patients (9/9) with 3.5 +/- 1.5 mg Ro 15-1788. In the second group of patients with multiple drugs poisoning (including BZD, n = 6), CNS depression improved in all the patients despite incomplete awakening. In the last group (n = 6), where no BZD were detected in toxicological samples, none of the comatous patients improved significantly during Ro 15-1788 administration, except one patient with pure ethanol intoxication. No undesirable effects are reported, except mild transitory withdrawal syndrome in three cases following rapid injection. This study supports the introduction of Ro 15-1788 as a useful antidote in the diagnosis and the treatment of drug-induced coma.
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