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Evolution and diversity of alpha-carbonic anhydrases in the mantle of the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis). | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • * In Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis), researchers identified ten types of α-CAs, with MgNACR being the most prevalent, showing a connection to oyster nacreins, which are important for shell formation.
  • * Reduced water salinity negatively impacts both the activity of mantle enzymes and the expression of MgNACR, suggesting that variations in α-CA evolution could influence the diversity of bivalve shells and their response to environmental changes.

Article Abstract

The α-carbonic anhydrases (α-CAs) are a large and ancient group of metazoan-specific enzymes. They generate bicarbonate from metabolic carbon dioxide and through calcium carbonate crystal formation play a key role in the regulation of mineralized structures. To better understand how α-CAs contribute to shell mineralization in the marine Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) we characterized them in the mantle. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that mollusc α-CA evolution was affected by lineage and species-specific events. Ten α-CAs were found in the Mediterranean mussel mantle and the most abundant form was named, MgNACR, as it grouped with oyster nacreins (NACR). Exposure of the Mediterranean mussel to reduced water salinity (18 vs 37 ppt), caused a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in mantle esterase activity and MgNACR transcript abundance (p < 0.05). Protonograms revealed multiple proteins in the mantle with α-CA hydratase activity and mapped to a protein with a similar size to that deduced for monomeric MgNACR. Our data indicate that MgNACR is a major α-CA enzyme in mantle and that by homology with oyster nacreins likely regulates mussel shell production. We propose that species-dependent α-CA evolution may contribute to explain the diversity of bivalve shell structures and their vulnerability to environmental changes.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6639325PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-46913-2DOI Listing

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