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Butterfly pupal wing tissue with an eyespot organizer.
Cells Dev
January 2025
Tunicate Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
Butterfly wing eyespots are developmentally determined at the early pupal stage, when prospective eyespot focal cells underneath the pupal cuticle focal spot function as eyespot organizers in the pupal wing tissue. Here, we performed light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to describe cellular structures of pupal wing tissue with an eyespot organizer immediately after pupation using the Blue Pansy butterfly Junonia orithya. The pupal forewing dorsal epidermis was a pseudostratified monolayer of vertically elongated epidermal cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, seen in children and adolescents, and is often treated with various pharmacological agents, especially methylphenidate. There are differing opinions in the literature regarding the cardiovascular safety of long-term methylphenidate use. Studies suggest that the drug may increase the risk of hypertension, myocardial infarction, ventricular arrhythmia, sudden cardiac death, cardiomyopathy, heart failure (HF), pulmonary hypertension, and stroke.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurological and functional outcomes of 32 patients with hemorrhagic brainstem cavernous malformations: a practical guide for surgical planning.
J Neurosurg
January 2025
1Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Italy.
Objective: Brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCMs) were once considered inoperable. Microsurgical resection now represents a valuable option for treating patients with hemorrhagic or symptomatic lesions. The aim of this study was to provide a practical guide for surgical planning by analyzing postoperative neurological and functional outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Inclusions of TAR DNA binding protein of 43kDa (TDP-43) constitute the main characteristic pathology in the majority (∼97%) of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases and approximately 50% of patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). TDP-43 is a nuclear RNA binding protein; however, in disease, it becomes hyperphosphorylated and/or insoluble, hindering its nuclear function in maintaining RNA homeostasis. Importantly, the incidence of TDP-43 proteinopathy extends to aging brains (LATE) and may be concomitant with Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathological changes (LATE/AD) in up to 70% of AD patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBasic Science and Pathogenesis.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Background: Emerging evidence support the notion that loss of splicing repression by TDP-43, an RNA binding protein that was first implicated in ALS-FTD, underlies their pathogenesis. Previously, we showed that delivery of an AAV9 vector at early postnatal day expressing a fusion protein, termed CTR comprised of the N-terminal region of TDP-43 and an unrelated splicing repressor termed RAVER1 complemented the loss of TDP-43 in mice lacking TDP-43 in spinal motor neurons (ChAT-IRES-Cre;tardbp mice). To translate this potential therapeutic strategy to the clinic, it will be important to demonstrate benefit of such AAV delivery of CTR to motor neurons in adult mice.
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