We obtained four soluble acid xylan fractions AGP-III-A, AGP-III-B, AGP-III-C and AGP-III-D from the insoluble Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch gum (ASKG) polysaccharide by weak alkali treatment combined with HO-Vc oxidative degradation. Activity studies showed that the degradation components could reduce the cell viability of several cancer cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner, especially 4-O-Methylglucuronoxylan AGP-III-C with specific molecular weight and branching degree significantly reduced cancer cells viability and induced HepG2 apoptosis, also caused mitochondrial membrane dysfunction upregulated ROS levels, and induced G0/G1 arrest in HepG2 cells by cell cycle assay. Further, AGP-III-C mediates apoptosis in HepG2 cells by upregulating MAPK phosphorylation. The structure of AGP-III-C was characterized by uronic acid reduction, permethylation with GC-MS, and 2D-NMR analysis. The structure of AGP-III-C had a linear (1→4)-linked β-Xylf residue backbone with one branched 4-O-Me-α-GlcAp attached to the main chain by a (1→2)-glycosidic bond at every two β-(1→4)-Xylf units.
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