AI Article Synopsis

  • Infections from food pathogens can also come from non-food sources like animals, humans, and the environment, leading to outbreaks influenced by these connections.
  • A One Health approach, which combines efforts from human, animal, and environmental sectors, is crucial for effectively investigating and managing presumed foodborne outbreaks.
  • Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is key for tracking outbreaks, but it faces challenges due to genetic variations found in pathogens from non-human sources, necessitating efficient methods for detection and investigation.

Article Abstract

Infections caused by pathogens commonly acquired from consumption of food are not always transmitted by that route. They may also be transmitted through contact to animals, other humans or the environment. Additionally, many outbreaks are associated with food contaminated from these non-food sources. For this reason, such presumed foodborne outbreaks are best investigated through a One Health approach working across human, animal and environmental sectors and disciplines. Outbreak strains or clones that have propagated and continue to evolve in non-human sources and environments often show more sequence variation than observed in typical monoclonal point-source outbreaks. This represents a challenge when using whole genome sequencing (WGS), the new gold standard for molecular surveillance of foodborne pathogens, for outbreak detection and investigation. In this review, using recent examples from outbreaks investigated in the United States (US) some aspects of One Health approaches that have been used successfully to solve such outbreaks are presented. These include using different combinations of flexible WGS based case definition, efficient epidemiological follow-up, traceback, surveillance, and testing of potential food and environmental sources and animal hosts.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6610495PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2019.00172DOI Listing

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